Where and When the Livin Is Easy
by Nisi Shawl
There is a
magic land, a land found in a once-upon-a kind of time. For me, a favorite portal to this magic place
is music. This soundtrack for the film Porgy
and Bess transports me there immediately, in multiple ways, with referential
touches landing layered and feather-light.
The opera’s
overture is an announcement of intent, a compact gloss of Gershwin’s gorgeous melodies,
a prescient recitation of the drama about to unfold. And then, sinuous as a garden snake, the clarinet line descends from its tree in the orchestral forest and oscillates between two
notes. Quick, then slow, the notes
repeat: first at the speed of life, then with the slow swing of a lullaby.
It has
begun. “Summertime.” Perhaps the most frequently covered song in
history. While these two notes rock us
carefully, lovingly, in their cradling arms, a soaring soprano takes
flight. Like a bird rising to the sun,
it sees all, hears all, sighs and sobs with sinking acceptance of beautiful
inevitabilities. The lyrics promise joy,
protection, release--earnestly or sarcastically, depending on their delivery.
“Summertime’s”
deliverers have been many, from Billie Holliday’s 1936 hit (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYUqbnk7tCY), through Louis Armstrong and Ella
Fitzgerald’s 1959 version, to this instrumental soundcheck version by Prince:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVd1zZTbG9E
I was shocked, shocked I tell you, to learn that this song had been
written at a specific point by a specific pair of human beings. It felt more like a natural accretion.
Recently I
began talking with one of my middle school friends and discovered that this musician
whom I admired then as a rock-n-roller and admire now as a meditation music
maestro was influenced early on by that selfsame soundtrack. How?
Why? Wasn’t that our parents hung
out together. They were a university family, we were working class. They were white, we were Black. But somehow our childhoods sounded partly the
same.
Porgy and
Bess was first performed in 1935.
Perhaps not the wisest move to present the public with a challenging new
opera in the midst of an economic depression.
With its lead roles, at least, performed by African American singers, Porgy
and Bess was born controversial. On tour
in 1936, the cast protested against the racially segregated seating enforced at
Washington D.C.’s National Theatre--and won.
Sometimes the
controversy ran more along the lines of accusing the script of promoting racial
stereotypes. And it is true that it delivers an account of Black lives which is
based on white perceptions. Yet it’s
also true that its focus places Black lives center stage. Just two white men appear, playing minor roles
with barely a line each. The rest of the
cast is us. In the mid-20th century, that
focus on performing Blackness translated into unprecedented opportunities for
classically trained Afrodiasporic singers.
And they
didn’t just sing.
They negotiated their
appearances and argued for changes.
Anne
Brown is responsible for Bess’s expanded role in the opera, much more central
to it compared to her limited part in the play on which Porgy and Bess was
based.
Black musicians helped with
choral and orchestral arrangements.
Pearl Bailey reportedly stipulated that she was not going to wear a
headrag.
Listening to
the results of these drives and maneuverings as a child, I felt awed by the
rich panorama they opened up to me--an undiscovered country where familiar
strangers came and went about mysterious, grown-up business. My parents approved. So did their friends and neighbors.
So did Miles
Davis, who famously took shit from no one.
He recorded an entire album of highlights from the opera’s score. Here’s a sample cut, his version of the
heartrending “My Man’s Gone Now”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MUaf0pNNJ4
And here,
because even Miles can’t do justice to the eerie glissando at this song’s
finish, is the vocal version, which always, every time, lifts the hair on the
back of my neck: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYFTp_8NkGE&t=20s
One
accusation made, often fairly, against outsider takes on the lives of the
marginalized is that they consist of tragedy after tragedy, sorrow after
sorrow. Not the case with Porgy and
Bess, though the songs that attract me the most powerfully are salty and sad,
or at least, bittersweet.
To my mind,
the song that commits the unforgiveable is an allegedly happy one. “I Got Plenty o’ Nuttin’,” Porgy declares in
trumpet-like tones, boasting of his equanimity and absolving his oppressors of
their crimes. But the chorus’s commentary
put a helpful slant on this song’s lyrics: Porgy’s over-the-top talk is all
because “that woman come to stay with him.”
He’s spouting foolishness; love has turned his mind to mush.
Love is
powerful. It powers the swirling
sweetness of the duet “Bess, You Is My Woman Now,” the sound of half-dissolving
hearts melded together in bliss. It
supports the reassuring cry of the strawberry vendor: goodness is the
norm. Contentment is due us and
available.
All that’s
part of what the music conveys. But
what’s the action? What happens?
The opera’s
plot, briefly, concerns the inhabitants of Catfish Row, who are divided between
the town’s respectable folks and its riffraff: Bess, her abusive lover Crown,
and her drug dealer Sportin’ Life. Crown
kills one of the locals and runs to evade arrest. Bess resists Sportin’ Life’s advances. During a community picnic Crown kidnaps Bess
and forces himself on her. Soon after
she returns to Catfish Row and disabled beggar Porgy’s welcoming arms. Crown surfaces again. A storm rises and kills two more locals and,
it’s assumed, Crown. But really his
cause of death is Porgy. Porgy murders
him. And when Porgy gets taken off for
questioning, Sportin’ Life tricks Bess into believing Porgy’s gone for
good. The pair leaves for NYC and a week
later, released from his contempt jail sentence, Porgy follows in his goat
cart, vowing to bring home “his” Bess.
That’s
right. This opera ends with one of the
principals heading out for what can only be described as a guaranteed failfest. The same fevered over-optimism he exhibited
in “I Got Plenty o’ Nuttin’” powers us through the climax.
Into
what? Into where?
In synch with
the 20th century’s Great Migration (the mass exodus of Black people from the
South), Bess and Sportin’ Life are headed North, to the land of opportunity,
with Porgy close behind them.
Part of that
upwards flow, some of my forebears on my mother’s side came to Chicago from
down in New Orleans. Many of my father’s
people settled in Vandalia, Michigan, a stop on the Underground Railroad. My father and my mother spoke and acted as if
the freedom promised by the factories and offices and schools of the North, was
a certitude. If not for them then surely
for their children. Hush, little
baby. Don’t you cry.
“Don’t you be
downhearted”: that’s the chorus’s admonition to the spirits of Clara and Jake,
lost in a hurricane. A simple melody descending
to rest, then climbing to hope, candle-lit faces chanting against an
accompaniment of querulous flutes and majestic deeps. Jesus is walking on the water, they sing. You can do it too. Rise up and follow him home.
I’m not a
Christian. Neither was George
Gershwin. Where do we go when we go
home?
Gershwin is
already gone; I can’t speak for him. But
where I go is also a particular when. A
magic land I’ve seen before, thanks to this music. I see it clearly now as I spread my wings and
take the sky.

Nisi Shawl’s first novel, Everfair,
was a finalist for the 2016 Nebula Award. In 2009 their Aqueduct story
collection Filter House received the Otherwise Award. They have
published three other short fiction collections—Something More and More (Aqueduct, 2010), A Primer to Nisi Shawl
(Dark Moon Books, 2017), and Talk Like a Man (PM Press, 2019). Shawl is,
with Cynthia Ward, the author of Writing
the Other: A Practical Approach (Aqueduct, 2005), and has edited numerous anthologies, including the World Fantasy
Award-winning New Suns: Speculative
Fiction by People of Color (Solaris, 2019), Strange Matings: Science Fiction, Feminism, African American Voices,
and Octavia E. Butler with Rebecca Holden (Aqueduct, 2013), and Stories for Chip: A Tribute to Samuel R. Delany
with Bill Campbell (Rosarium, 2015). Their most recent fiction publications
are Kinning (the sequel to Everfair published in early 2024), Speculations, a middle-grade novel, and The Day and Night Books of Mardou Fox (Rosarium,
2024). Aqueduct released Nisi's novel-in-stories, Making Amends, in earlier this year.